Farming and Landscape Architecture

Balloons Over Cappadocia

I have always thought there to be a link between farming and Landscape Architecture; both fields (pun...not intended) focus on reshaping land to better serve the end function.  Just as we would visit a site to find the best location for a building, a farmer must decide how to best parcel his land out for growing and grazing, and how to alternate plots over time.  Both of the analysis are conducted with a heavy basis on natural features, such as sunlight, rainfall, and topography.

With grocery stores on every corner and convenience stores on every block, the connection to our food (myself included) becomes distant at best.  We get hungry, we buy a bag of chips, or an apple.  We get thirsty, we buy a bottle of water, or a soda.  Supporting local farmers, and food co-op's are becoming more and more popular.  However, for the most part we rely on someone else for all of the food we consume.  What if you didn't have that option?  What if you lived in an area with extremely challenging geography, limited finances, no vehicle, and only small markets to serve immediate needs?  While hiking in Central Turkey we saw exactly what you could do.

We recently visited Cappadocia in Turkey (Kapadokya in Turkish and pronounced the way that is spelled).  This is a region in the Asian part of the country and is quite isolated from some of the more populated areas in Turkey.  There are several towns that make up this region but we stayed in Göreme.  Göreme is in the center of the 'Lunar Landscape' that has made Cappadocia so famous to tourists.  Volcanic cones dot the arid landscape, some of which served as homes and churches thousands of years ago.  People in the area still live in carved out homes inside the soft rock, but most of the cones (also known as Fairy Chimneys) lie empty.

Volcanic Cone Diagram

Volcanic Cones with Doorway in the Middle

Volcanic Cone in Foreground Abandoned Cave Homes Beyond

 As we explored the surreal landscape we found a family farming on a decent sized parcel of land.  All work was being done with hand tools and the women walked the field in bare feet.  I noticed the land was very moist but could not see a source of water!  Some of the plants were being harvested while others were being planted, and there were many plants at various stages of growth throughout the plot of land.  I didn't want to linger and stare while they worked, so we moved on to where we could look on from higher ground.  From the higher location all of the simple details about this farm became clearer.  

Water Shaped Valleys

Stone Cliffs in Pigeon Valley

 These people were truly living off of the land.  There was no car, and no driveway to the basic cave dwelling where they appeared to live, and the plot of land they were farming was a simple marvel in itself.  They had selected a parcel of land nestled between high walls of the soft white stone.  The soil appeared to be very fertile in this area due to it's color and the quantity of produce being harvested and currently growing.  

I could also see how they managed to transport water to all of the planted area.  The area slopes slightly from higher to lower ground moving away from their dwelling and they have created terraces along this slope.  They have formed a reservoir at the high end of this slope to collect water that falls from the stone cliffs above.  The water is then moved (by hand) along a long trench around the entire planted plot.  Smaller channels branch off of this outer trench and feed the individual planted furrows.  Some larger shade trees have been left to protect the growing plants from the harsh sun.  I have put together a few sketches below to better illustrate all of this.

Blue: Reservoir//Yellow Arrows: Large Perimeter Trench//
Blue Arrows: Small Feeder Trenches

Terraced Farm Section

The next day we checked an item off our bucket list and took a hot air balloon ride over Cappadocia.  It was a fantastic way to see a lot more of Göreme.  As we drifted high above the ground I saw more and more farm plots similar to the one I had seen between the cliffs the day before.  As we flew past I had a much better appreciation for not only the work that goes into each one of these farms, but all of the work that goes into putting food on my plate every day.

Farm Nestled in a Few Cones
(Could the Cones Act as a Dam for Water to Help Irrigate?)

Farms from 1,500' Feet

Kusadasi, Turkey: Setur Marina and the Extreme 'Green Roof'

Kusadasi,  pronounced Kooshadasee, is a small port town on the southwest side of Turkey.  We arrived early in the morning and had booked a shore excursion to the ancient city of Ephesus for part of our time at port here.  We typically do not purchase shore excursions through the cruise line as they tend to be very over priced.  However, limited time at this port plus the distance to the ancient city and a special reduced rate pushed us to book this excursion.  

The Library at Ephesus

Ephesus was incredible and we learned a lot,  but the focus of the entry comes from further investigation of something that caught my eye as we passed by in our bus headed to Ephesus.  

As we rode in the bus past the shore I noticed a walkway that started flush with the sidewalk along the street and quickly angled upwards out towards the sea.  It was flanked with planting beds and I was instantly drawn in.   I leaned over to my wife and told her that we should check it out when we got back from Ephesus.  She, of course, was overjoyed at the idea of checking out yet another pier/ sidewalk/ park thing all in the name of Landscape Architecture.  She is a great sport about me being a tree nerd, what can I say, she's a catch.

After we returned from the ancient city we started out in search of this mysterious sidewalk!  As we approached, I noticed right away that the reason the sidewalk sloped upwards away from the sidewalk along the street so quickly was to accommodate the restaurants underneath!  As we got closer I thought it was a pier with restaurants below and the pier above heading out towards the water.  When we finally arrived at the base of the sidewalk that angled up, the full scope of the area became clear.  This wasn't a pier and it wasn't an elevated sidewalk.  At the very least this was a promenade, but it felt more like a park.   Maybe it's a 'Promenark' or a 'Parkenade,' whatever it it is it gives the term 'Green Roof' new meaning!  I asked a gentleman who was working in one of the planting beds for the name of the area and he told me it was called 'Setur Marina.'  This was fitting seeing as this elevated park winded around the...marina.  It was a really unique display of Landscape Architecture synthesized with architecture and engineering.  As a Landscape Architect I can almost hear the hundreds of conversations to coordinate the design and construction.  The Structural Engineer talking to the Architect about column sizes, and both the Architect and the Engineer talking to the Landscape Architect about what areas can support what type of loads to enable proper design of the park.  Then of course the Landscape Architect pushing back requesting slightly larger columns to support more plants!

Small Beach in Front of the Shops and Restaurants
With the Rooftop Promenade Above

Approaching the Green Promenade

Heading Up...

Approximate 8' Width Stone Tile Walk
Lined by Geometric Plant Beds

The Angular Planting Beds become Curvilinear as the
Path Bends by the Sea

Setur Marina Worker Tilling a Bed

Geometric Shapes of Various Materials
are Introduced Into the Path
(From this angle you kind of forget this is all part of a roof...)

Open Pedestrian Area
(Roof Top Promenade May Be Seen at the Left)

Open Pedestrian Area
(Roof Top Promenade May Be Seen in the Rear of the Picture)

This was a great example of coordinated design and construction.  Every project we work on takes intense amounts of work in each field as well as equal amounts of coordination between design disciplines!  I am of course aware that there may have actually been no 'Landscape Architect' as we know it on this project but someone with a knowledge of site design and plants was definitely involved.  Without proper coordination from start to finish, this place may not have become the beautiful park that it is!